About this recording
387–7
- President Richard M. Nixon
- George P. Shultz
- John D. Ehrlichman
- White House photographer
- Stephen B. Bull
December 5, 1972
Conversation No. 387-7
Date: December 5, 1972
Time: 10:15 am - 11:38 am
Location: Executive Office Building
The President met with George P. Shultz and John D. Ehrlichman. The White House
photographer was present at the beginning of the meeting.
Greetings
Economy
-Cost of living
-Wage and price controls
-Shultz’s message from the President
-Arthur F. Burns
-Shultz’s conversations with John B. Connally, Burns, and Pierre Rinfret
-Public relations [PR]
-30-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Food prices
-Burns
-Congressional relations
-Meat import quotas suspension
-Increase of oil import quotas
-Rice
-Guidelines
-Construction industry
-Medical care
-Food prices
-Government action
-Food prices
-The President’s conversation with Gerald R. Ford
-Meat import quotas suspension
-Earl L. Butz
-Cattlemen
-Structure of controls
-Inflation
-Big companies and unions
-Food prices
-Medical care
-Food prices
-Rinfret
-Construction industry
-Shultz’s memorandum
-Donald F. Rumsfeld
-Burns
-Conversation with Shultz
-Food prices
-Quotas
-Price Commission
-Term-limit price controls
-Internal Revenue Service [IRS]
-Enforcement
-PR
-Decontrol
-Inflation fight continuation
-Controls change
-Phase III
-Inflation fight “continues”
-31-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Substance
-Decontrol
-Cost of Living Council [COLC]
-John T. Dunlop
-Conversation with Shultz
-Rumsfeld
-Labor unions
-Food prices
-Rinfret
-Rinfret’s support
-1972 campaign
-Labor relations
-George Meany, Frank E. Fitzsimmons, Leonard Woodcock
-Disputes
-Settlement
-Strikes
-Peter J. Brennan
-Milton Friedman’s view
-Tightened controls
-April 1973
-End of controls
-Psychological effect
-Labor relations
-Avoiding conflict
-Business council
-Frederick B. Dent
-Confirmation
-Profit system
-Consultations
-Meany
-Brennan
-Fitzsimmons
-Productivity Commission
-Meany
-John H. (“Jack”) Lyons
-Phase II
-Dunlop
-Peter G. Peterson
-Meany’s view
-Industry labor-management groups
-32-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Steel
-I[lorwith] W[ilbur] Abel
-Shultz’s role
-Brennan
-Confirmation
-Dent, Brennan
-Timing
-State of the Union address
-1973 Inauguration
-Pre-January 1, 1973
-Christmas
-Congressional reconvention
-Christmas
-Productivity Commission meeting
Commission on Industrial Peace
-Dent, Brennan
-Timing
-Membership
-Names
-Size
-Experience
-George S. McGovern supporters
-Labor relations
-Woodcock
-Productivity Commission
-Netrual intellects
-Business
-Professors
-1972 election
-McGovern supporters
-Economists
-Newspaper advertisement
-Rinfret
-PR
-Conversation with Shultz
-Interest in administration position
-Visibility, status, perquisites, access to the President
-Importance
-The President’s view
-33-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Meany’s view
-Labor-management relations
-Membership
-Charles W. Colson’s lists
-Business, labor
-Donald McI Kendall
-Frederic V. Malek
-Roy L. Ash
-Labor, management
-Congressional relations
-Philip M. Landrum – Robert P. Griffin Act
-Farm labor bill
Economy
-Wage and price controls
-Timing
-Christmas
-Sales
-PR
-Inflation
-Budget
-Inflation
-Phases
-Phase III
-Continuation of law
-Method
-Speculation
-Phase III
-Budget
-Spending ceiling
-Phase III
-Christmas
-Continuation of law
-Inflation fight continuation
-Congressional relations
-Comprehensiveness
-Voluntarism
-Labor relations
-Meany, Fitzsimmons, Brennan, Dent
-Shultz’s role
-34-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-John B. Connally’s view
-Politics, psychology
-Labor relations
-Business
-Conflict
-Pay Board, Price Commission
-Meany
-Colson’s role
-Politics
-Conflict
-Announcement
-Timing
Revenue sharing
-Issuance of first check
-Timing
-Congressional relations
-Treasury Department briefing
-Announcement
-Information update
-Customer and tax packets
-Congressional relations
-Democrats
-House of Representatives
-Senate
-Republicans
-Southern Democrats
-James E. Smith
-Charles H. Percy
-Amounts
-Change
-Data
-New York City
-Suburban areas
-Chicago
-Indianapolis
-Richard G. Lugar
-Los Angeles County
-Samuel W. Yorty
-Congressional relations
-35-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
Second term reorganization
-Treasury Department
-Charls E. Walker and Eugene T. Rossides
-Announcement
-Timing
-Ronald L. Ziegler
-Department of Housing and Urban Development
[HUD]
-Walker
-Congressional relations
-Lobbying activities
-Relations with administration
-Possible meeting with the President
-Handshake
-Expression of gratitude
-Photograph session
-Treasury Department
-William E. Simon
-Announcement
-Solomon Brothers
-Resignation
-Conflict of interest
-Fraud
-Edward L. Morgan
-Rossides
-Edwin S. Cohen
Congressional relations
-Shultz’s possible trip to Arkansas
-Wilbur D. Mills
-Russell B. Long
-Shultz’s conversation with Mills
-House Ways and Means Committee agenda
-Trade
-Taxes
-Health
-Pension portability
-Unemployment insurance
-Tax credits for private schools
-36-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Property taxes, tax reform
-Health
-Trade
-Most Favored Nation [MFN] status
-General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade [GATT]
-Restrictions
-MFN
-Soviet Union
-Compared to liberalization
-GATT
-Europe
-Oil prices
-Liberalization
-International monetary relations
-Tariff reduction
-Presidential discretion
-General resolution
-Treasury Department
-Deals
-Ratification
-Effect on negotiations
-Concessions
International economic relations
-Trade
-Countervailing duty legislation
-Michelin
-Canada
-Announcement
-State Department
-Japanese
-Electronics
-South Koreans
-Sneakers [tennis shoes]
-Surplus
-Henry A. Kissinger
-Politics
-William J. Casey
-Japan
-Economic, political, military considerations
-37-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Kissinger
-“QT”
-Canada
-Jobs
-Auto pact
-Negotiations
-Agreement
-Cancellation
-Duration
-Michelin
-Latin America
-Expropriations
-Peru
-Company worries
-David Packard
-New government
-January 1973
-Settlement
-Loans
-National Security Council [NSC]
-Chile
-Hardline
-Multilateral organizations
-Latin America
-World Bank
-Robert S. McNamara
-Replacement
-Inter-American Development Bank [IADB]
-Pledge
-Emilio Garrastazu Medici of Brazil
-Increments
-Congressional relations
-Appropriations
-Continuing resolution
-Review
-Compared to bilateral agreements
-US relations
-Control
-Latin America
-IADB
-38-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Asian Development Bank
-IADB
-United Nations [UN]
-Budget cuts
-Effect
-UN Development Program
-Rudolph A. Peterson
-US foreign policy
-World Bank
-McNamara
-Latin America
-IADB
Second term reorganization
-Peter G. Peterson
-H. R. (“Bob”) Haldeman
-Ambassadorship to North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO]
-Donald H. Rumsfeld
-David M. Kennedy
-Need for full-time person
-Cabinet rank
-“Super ambassador”
-Rumsfeld
-UN ambassadorship
-Job performance
-Soviet Union
-Departure
-Leaks
-Washington Post
-Dent
-James T. Lynn
-Ehrlichman
-Departure
-Means
-Kissinger’s view
-Living abroad
-Personal reasons
-Possible trip
-East-West negotiations
-Soviet Union, Poland
-39-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Report
-European Economic Community [EEC], Soviet Union, Poland
-Role as President’s special representative
-Poland
-EEC
-Japan
-East-West trade
-Moscow
-US-Soviet Union gas deal
-Kissinger
-Soviet Union
-US-Soviet Union summit
-Europe, Japan
-East-West trade
-US-Soviet Union gas deal
-Peter M. Flanigan
-Connally
-Commerce Department
-Shultz
-Kissinger
-White House
-Connally
-Kissinger
-Armand Hammer
-Economics
-Companies’ interests
-Government guarantees
-Export-Import [Ex-Im] Bank
-Connally
-Commerce Department
-Soviet Union
-Connally
-Europe, Japan
-East-West trade
-Role as President’s special representative
-EEC, Japan
-Recommendations
-Speeches, press conferences
-Contacts
-Shultz, Flanigan, Kissinger
-40-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Rumsfeld
-Ambassadorship to NATO
-Peterson’s possible trip
-EEC-NATO ambassadorship
-[Joseph A. Greenwald]
-State Department
-Feasibility
-Rumsfeld
-Departure
-US economic representation in industrial countries
-William J. Casey
-Rogers
-Soviet Union
-Maurice H. Stans
-Europe
-Japan
-Asian countries
-Latin America
-Brazil
-Mexico
-Japan
-Philippines
-Indonesia
-Casey
-State Department
-East-West trade
-US-Soviet Union summit
-US economic representation
-Public statements
-Purpose
-Recommendations on broad policy
-EEC, Asia
-European community
Stephen B. Bull entered at an unknown time after 10:15 am.
The President’s schedule
Bull left at an unknown time before 11:38 am.
-41-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
Second term reorganization
-Peterson’s possible trip
-Recommendations
-EEC-NATO ambassadorship
-James D. Hodgson
-US economic representation
-US policy
-Cartels, anti-trust
-Report
-Duration
-Timing
-Confirmation of Secretary of Commerce
-Spring 1973
-Announcement
-Speculation
-Sally (Hornbogen) Peterson
-Travel
-Presidential plane
-Kennedy
-Commercial
-Special plane
-Europe
-Paris
-Attache planes
-Japan, Indonesia
-NATO
-US economic representation
-Consultations
-Rogers
-[David] Kenneth Rush
-Casey
-State Department
-Shultz
-Kissinger
-Flanigan
-Role as President’s special representative
-Ambassadorship
-Ehrlichman’s schedule
-Meeting with Warren E. Burger
-Robert H. Bork
-42-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Experience
-Erwin N. Griswold
-Richard G. Kleindienst
-Charles S. Rhyne
-Supreme Court
-Age
-Paul Klein [?] [sp?]
-McGovern
-John B. Davis, Jr. [?]
-L[ouis] Patrick Gray, III
-Clifford P. Case
Shultz and Ehrlichman left at 11:38 am.
Date: December 5, 1972
Time: 10:15 am - 11:38 am
Location: Executive Office Building
The President met with George P. Shultz and John D. Ehrlichman. The White House
photographer was present at the beginning of the meeting.
Greetings
Economy
-Cost of living
-Wage and price controls
-Shultz’s message from the President
-Arthur F. Burns
-Shultz’s conversations with John B. Connally, Burns, and Pierre Rinfret
-Public relations [PR]
-30-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Food prices
-Burns
-Congressional relations
-Meat import quotas suspension
-Increase of oil import quotas
-Rice
-Guidelines
-Construction industry
-Medical care
-Food prices
-Government action
-Food prices
-The President’s conversation with Gerald R. Ford
-Meat import quotas suspension
-Earl L. Butz
-Cattlemen
-Structure of controls
-Inflation
-Big companies and unions
-Food prices
-Medical care
-Food prices
-Rinfret
-Construction industry
-Shultz’s memorandum
-Donald F. Rumsfeld
-Burns
-Conversation with Shultz
-Food prices
-Quotas
-Price Commission
-Term-limit price controls
-Internal Revenue Service [IRS]
-Enforcement
-PR
-Decontrol
-Inflation fight continuation
-Controls change
-Phase III
-Inflation fight “continues”
-31-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Substance
-Decontrol
-Cost of Living Council [COLC]
-John T. Dunlop
-Conversation with Shultz
-Rumsfeld
-Labor unions
-Food prices
-Rinfret
-Rinfret’s support
-1972 campaign
-Labor relations
-George Meany, Frank E. Fitzsimmons, Leonard Woodcock
-Disputes
-Settlement
-Strikes
-Peter J. Brennan
-Milton Friedman’s view
-Tightened controls
-April 1973
-End of controls
-Psychological effect
-Labor relations
-Avoiding conflict
-Business council
-Frederick B. Dent
-Confirmation
-Profit system
-Consultations
-Meany
-Brennan
-Fitzsimmons
-Productivity Commission
-Meany
-John H. (“Jack”) Lyons
-Phase II
-Dunlop
-Peter G. Peterson
-Meany’s view
-Industry labor-management groups
-32-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Steel
-I[lorwith] W[ilbur] Abel
-Shultz’s role
-Brennan
-Confirmation
-Dent, Brennan
-Timing
-State of the Union address
-1973 Inauguration
-Pre-January 1, 1973
-Christmas
-Congressional reconvention
-Christmas
-Productivity Commission meeting
Commission on Industrial Peace
-Dent, Brennan
-Timing
-Membership
-Names
-Size
-Experience
-George S. McGovern supporters
-Labor relations
-Woodcock
-Productivity Commission
-Netrual intellects
-Business
-Professors
-1972 election
-McGovern supporters
-Economists
-Newspaper advertisement
-Rinfret
-PR
-Conversation with Shultz
-Interest in administration position
-Visibility, status, perquisites, access to the President
-Importance
-The President’s view
-33-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Meany’s view
-Labor-management relations
-Membership
-Charles W. Colson’s lists
-Business, labor
-Donald McI Kendall
-Frederic V. Malek
-Roy L. Ash
-Labor, management
-Congressional relations
-Philip M. Landrum – Robert P. Griffin Act
-Farm labor bill
Economy
-Wage and price controls
-Timing
-Christmas
-Sales
-PR
-Inflation
-Budget
-Inflation
-Phases
-Phase III
-Continuation of law
-Method
-Speculation
-Phase III
-Budget
-Spending ceiling
-Phase III
-Christmas
-Continuation of law
-Inflation fight continuation
-Congressional relations
-Comprehensiveness
-Voluntarism
-Labor relations
-Meany, Fitzsimmons, Brennan, Dent
-Shultz’s role
-34-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-John B. Connally’s view
-Politics, psychology
-Labor relations
-Business
-Conflict
-Pay Board, Price Commission
-Meany
-Colson’s role
-Politics
-Conflict
-Announcement
-Timing
Revenue sharing
-Issuance of first check
-Timing
-Congressional relations
-Treasury Department briefing
-Announcement
-Information update
-Customer and tax packets
-Congressional relations
-Democrats
-House of Representatives
-Senate
-Republicans
-Southern Democrats
-James E. Smith
-Charles H. Percy
-Amounts
-Change
-Data
-New York City
-Suburban areas
-Chicago
-Indianapolis
-Richard G. Lugar
-Los Angeles County
-Samuel W. Yorty
-Congressional relations
-35-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
Second term reorganization
-Treasury Department
-Charls E. Walker and Eugene T. Rossides
-Announcement
-Timing
-Ronald L. Ziegler
-Department of Housing and Urban Development
[HUD]
-Walker
-Congressional relations
-Lobbying activities
-Relations with administration
-Possible meeting with the President
-Handshake
-Expression of gratitude
-Photograph session
-Treasury Department
-William E. Simon
-Announcement
-Solomon Brothers
-Resignation
-Conflict of interest
-Fraud
-Edward L. Morgan
-Rossides
-Edwin S. Cohen
Congressional relations
-Shultz’s possible trip to Arkansas
-Wilbur D. Mills
-Russell B. Long
-Shultz’s conversation with Mills
-House Ways and Means Committee agenda
-Trade
-Taxes
-Health
-Pension portability
-Unemployment insurance
-Tax credits for private schools
-36-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Property taxes, tax reform
-Health
-Trade
-Most Favored Nation [MFN] status
-General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade [GATT]
-Restrictions
-MFN
-Soviet Union
-Compared to liberalization
-GATT
-Europe
-Oil prices
-Liberalization
-International monetary relations
-Tariff reduction
-Presidential discretion
-General resolution
-Treasury Department
-Deals
-Ratification
-Effect on negotiations
-Concessions
International economic relations
-Trade
-Countervailing duty legislation
-Michelin
-Canada
-Announcement
-State Department
-Japanese
-Electronics
-South Koreans
-Sneakers [tennis shoes]
-Surplus
-Henry A. Kissinger
-Politics
-William J. Casey
-Japan
-Economic, political, military considerations
-37-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Kissinger
-“QT”
-Canada
-Jobs
-Auto pact
-Negotiations
-Agreement
-Cancellation
-Duration
-Michelin
-Latin America
-Expropriations
-Peru
-Company worries
-David Packard
-New government
-January 1973
-Settlement
-Loans
-National Security Council [NSC]
-Chile
-Hardline
-Multilateral organizations
-Latin America
-World Bank
-Robert S. McNamara
-Replacement
-Inter-American Development Bank [IADB]
-Pledge
-Emilio Garrastazu Medici of Brazil
-Increments
-Congressional relations
-Appropriations
-Continuing resolution
-Review
-Compared to bilateral agreements
-US relations
-Control
-Latin America
-IADB
-38-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Asian Development Bank
-IADB
-United Nations [UN]
-Budget cuts
-Effect
-UN Development Program
-Rudolph A. Peterson
-US foreign policy
-World Bank
-McNamara
-Latin America
-IADB
Second term reorganization
-Peter G. Peterson
-H. R. (“Bob”) Haldeman
-Ambassadorship to North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO]
-Donald H. Rumsfeld
-David M. Kennedy
-Need for full-time person
-Cabinet rank
-“Super ambassador”
-Rumsfeld
-UN ambassadorship
-Job performance
-Soviet Union
-Departure
-Leaks
-Washington Post
-Dent
-James T. Lynn
-Ehrlichman
-Departure
-Means
-Kissinger’s view
-Living abroad
-Personal reasons
-Possible trip
-East-West negotiations
-Soviet Union, Poland
-39-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Report
-European Economic Community [EEC], Soviet Union, Poland
-Role as President’s special representative
-Poland
-EEC
-Japan
-East-West trade
-Moscow
-US-Soviet Union gas deal
-Kissinger
-Soviet Union
-US-Soviet Union summit
-Europe, Japan
-East-West trade
-US-Soviet Union gas deal
-Peter M. Flanigan
-Connally
-Commerce Department
-Shultz
-Kissinger
-White House
-Connally
-Kissinger
-Armand Hammer
-Economics
-Companies’ interests
-Government guarantees
-Export-Import [Ex-Im] Bank
-Connally
-Commerce Department
-Soviet Union
-Connally
-Europe, Japan
-East-West trade
-Role as President’s special representative
-EEC, Japan
-Recommendations
-Speeches, press conferences
-Contacts
-Shultz, Flanigan, Kissinger
-40-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Rumsfeld
-Ambassadorship to NATO
-Peterson’s possible trip
-EEC-NATO ambassadorship
-[Joseph A. Greenwald]
-State Department
-Feasibility
-Rumsfeld
-Departure
-US economic representation in industrial countries
-William J. Casey
-Rogers
-Soviet Union
-Maurice H. Stans
-Europe
-Japan
-Asian countries
-Latin America
-Brazil
-Mexico
-Japan
-Philippines
-Indonesia
-Casey
-State Department
-East-West trade
-US-Soviet Union summit
-US economic representation
-Public statements
-Purpose
-Recommendations on broad policy
-EEC, Asia
-European community
Stephen B. Bull entered at an unknown time after 10:15 am.
The President’s schedule
Bull left at an unknown time before 11:38 am.
-41-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
Second term reorganization
-Peterson’s possible trip
-Recommendations
-EEC-NATO ambassadorship
-James D. Hodgson
-US economic representation
-US policy
-Cartels, anti-trust
-Report
-Duration
-Timing
-Confirmation of Secretary of Commerce
-Spring 1973
-Announcement
-Speculation
-Sally (Hornbogen) Peterson
-Travel
-Presidential plane
-Kennedy
-Commercial
-Special plane
-Europe
-Paris
-Attache planes
-Japan, Indonesia
-NATO
-US economic representation
-Consultations
-Rogers
-[David] Kenneth Rush
-Casey
-State Department
-Shultz
-Kissinger
-Flanigan
-Role as President’s special representative
-Ambassadorship
-Ehrlichman’s schedule
-Meeting with Warren E. Burger
-Robert H. Bork
-42-
NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Tape Subject Log
(rev. July-08)
Conversation No. 387-7 (cont’d)
-Experience
-Erwin N. Griswold
-Richard G. Kleindienst
-Charles S. Rhyne
-Supreme Court
-Age
-Paul Klein [?] [sp?]
-McGovern
-John B. Davis, Jr. [?]
-L[ouis] Patrick Gray, III
-Clifford P. Case
Shultz and Ehrlichman left at 11:38 am.
Secret White House Tapes |